Retinoids are vitamin A derivatives that normalize the abnormal desquamation (skin renewal). They are lipophilic molecules that can penetrate the epidermis and enter the dermis. Their effects include the improvement of surface roughness, improvement of age spots, and reduction of fine lines by decreasing the amount of collagen breakdown and stimulating the production of new collagen. Retinoids are one of the most studied ingredients in skincare with proven benefits. They work at the molecular level through receptors in the skin cells. In the skin, in order to work, retinol and retinal are transformed into retinoic acid. Retinal is the more potent form of retinol because the process of transforming it is only one step, whilst for the retinol the process is two steps. Retinal delivers faster results without increasing the risk of skin irritation.

30 ml